<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gittelman, Rachel M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schraiber, Joshua G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernot, Benjamin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mikacenic, Carmen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wurfel, Mark M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akey, Joshua M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archaic Hominin Admixture Facilitated Adaptation to Out-of-Africa Environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current Biology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current Biology</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">admixture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denisovan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hybridization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">introgression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neandertal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982216312672</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> - </style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0960-9822</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;SummaryAs modern humans dispersed from Africa throughout the world, they encountered and interbred with archaic hominins, including Neanderthals and Denisovans [1, 2]. Although genome-scale maps of introgressed sequences have been constructed [3–6], considerable gaps in knowledge remain about the functional, phenotypic, and evolutionary significance of archaic hominin DNA that persists in present-day individuals. Here, we describe a comprehensive set of analyses that identified 126 high-frequency archaic haplotypes as putative targets of adaptive introgression in geographically diverse populations. These loci&amp;nbsp;are enriched for immune-related genes (such as&amp;nbsp;OAS1/2/3, TLR1/6/10, and TNFAIP3) and also encompass genes (including OCA2 and BNC2) that influence skin pigmentation phenotypes. Furthermore, we leveraged existing and novel large-scale gene expression datasets to show many positively selected archaic haplotypes act as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), suggesting that modulation of transcript abundance was a common mechanism&amp;nbsp;facilitating adaptive introgression. Our results demonstrate that hybridization between modern and archaic hominins provided an important reservoir of advantageous alleles that enabled adaptation to out-of-Africa environments.&lt;/p&gt;
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