<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lameira, Adriano R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente, Raquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandre, António</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell-Smith, Gail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knott, Cheryl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wich, Serge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hardus, Madeleine E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proto-consonants were information-dense via identical bioacoustic tags to proto-vowels</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature Human Behaviour</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017/02/08</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0044</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0044 - </style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Lora, Palatino, Times, &#039;Times New Roman&#039;, serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.17000000178813934px;&quot;&gt;Why did our ancestors combine the first consonant- and vowel-like utterances to produce the first syllable or word? To answer this question, it is essential to know what constituted the communicative function of proto-consonants and of proto-vowels before their combined use became universal. Almost nothing is known, however, about consonant-like calls in the primate order&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.75px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Lora, Palatino, Times, &#039;Times New Roman&#039;, serif; letter-spacing: 0.17000000178813934px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-track=&quot;click&quot; data-track-dest=&quot;link:1&quot; data-track-source=&quot;reference-anchor&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-017-0044#ref1&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-abstract-1&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);&quot; title=&quot; Lameira, A. R., Maddieson, I. &amp;amp; Zuberbuhler, K. Primate feedstock for the evolution of consonants. Trends Cogn. Sci. 18, 60–62 (2014). &quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a data-track=&quot;click&quot; data-track-dest=&quot;link:2&quot; data-track-source=&quot;reference-anchor&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-017-0044#ref2&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-abstract-2&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);&quot; title=&quot; Lameira, A. R. The forgotten role of consonant-like calls in theories of speech evolution. Behav. Brain Sci. 37, 559–560 (2014). &quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Lora, Palatino, Times, &#039;Times New Roman&#039;, serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.17000000178813934px;&quot;&gt;. Here, we investigate a large collection of voiceless consonant-like calls in nonhuman great apes (our closest relatives), namely orangutans (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Lora, Palatino, Times, &#039;Times New Roman&#039;, serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.17000000178813934px;&quot;&gt;Pongo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Lora, Palatino, Times, &#039;Times New Roman&#039;, serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.17000000178813934px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;spp.). We analysed 4,486 kiss-squeaks collected across 48 individuals in four wild populations. Despite idiosyncratic production mechanics, consonant-like calls displayed information-dense content and the same acoustic signatures found in voiced vowel-like calls by nonhuman primates, implying similar biological functions. Selection regimes between proto-consonants and proto-vowels were thus probably indistinguishable at the dawn of spoken language evolution. Our findings suggest that the first proto-syllables or proto-words in our lineage probably constituted message reiterations, instead of messages of increasing intricacy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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