<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westaway, K. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Louys, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Awe, R. Due</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morwood, M. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Price, G. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, J.-x.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aubert, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joannes-Boyau, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, T. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skinner, M. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compton, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bailey, R. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van den Bergh, G. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Vos, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pike, A. W. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stringer, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saptomo, E. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rizal, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaim, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santoso, W. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trihascaryo, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinsley, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulistyanto, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An early modern human presence in Sumatra 73,000–63,000 years ago</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017/08/09</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">advance online publication</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> - </style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1476-4687</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Genetic evidence for anatomically modern humans (AMH) out of Africa before 75 thousand years ago (ka)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref1&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-7&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;Pagani, L. et al. Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia. Nature 538, 238–242 (2016)&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and in island southeast Asia (ISEA) before 60 ka (93–61 ka)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref2&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-8&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;Fu, Q. et al. A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes. Curr. Biol. 23, 553–559 (2013)&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;predates accepted archaeological records of occupation in the region&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref3&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-9&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;Oppenheimer, S. The great arc of dispersal of modern humans: Africa to Australia. Quat. Int. 202, 2–13 (2009)&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;. Claims that AMH arrived in ISEA before 60 ka (ref.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref4&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-10&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; clear: both; font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px;&quot; title=&quot;Dennell, R. &amp;amp; Petraglia, M. D. The dispersal of Homo sapiens across southern Asia: how early, how often, how complex? Quat. Sci. Rev. 47, 15–22 (2012)&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;) have been supported only by equivocal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref5&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-11&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;Liu, W. et al. The earliest unequivocally modern humans in southern China. Nature 526, 696–699 (2015)&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;or non-skeletal evidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref6&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-12&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;Morwood, M. J. et al. Climate, people and faunal succession on Java, Indonesia: evidence from Song Gupuh. J. Archaeol. Sci. 35, 1776–1789 (2008)&quot;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;. AMH evidence from this period is rare and lacks robust chronologies owing to a lack of direct dating applications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref7&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-13&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;de Vos, J. in The Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (ed. Elias, S. A.) 3232–3249 (Elsevier, 2007)&quot;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;, poor preservation and/or excavation strategies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref8&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-14&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;Morwood, M. J. et al. Preface: research at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia. J. Hum. Evol. 57, 437–449 (2009)&quot;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and questionable taxonomic identifications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref9&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-15&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;Schwartz, J. H., Long, V. T., Cuong, N. L. Kha, L. T. &amp;amp; Tattersall, I. A review of the Pleistocene hominoid fauna of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (excluding Hylobatidae). Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 76, 1–24 (1995)&quot;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;. Lida Ajer is a Sumatran Pleistocene cave with a rich rainforest fauna associated with fossil human teeth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref7&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-16&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;de Vos, J. in The Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (ed. Elias, S. A.) 3232–3249 (Elsevier, 2007)&quot;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref10&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-17&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;Dubois, E. Voorlopig bericht omtrent het onderzoek naar de Pleistocene en Tertiaire vertebraten-fauna van Sumatra en Java, gedurende het jaar 1890. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indië 51, 93–100 (1891)&quot;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;. The importance of the site is unclear owing to unsupported taxonomic identification of these fossils and uncertainties regarding the age of the deposit, therefore it is rarely considered in models of human dispersal. Here we reinvestigate Lida Ajer to identify the teeth confidently and establish a robust chronology using an integrated dating approach. Using enamel–dentine junction morphology, enamel thickness and comparative morphology, we show that the teeth are unequivocally AMH. Luminescence and uranium-series techniques applied to bone-bearing sediments and speleothems, and coupled uranium-series and electron spin resonance dating of mammalian teeth, place modern humans in Sumatra between 73 and 63 ka. This age is consistent with biostratigraphic estimations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref7&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-18&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;de Vos, J. in The Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (ed. Elias, S. A.) 3232–3249 (Elsevier, 2007)&quot;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;, palaeoclimate and sea-level reconstructions, and genetic evidence for a pre-60 ka arrival of AMH into ISEA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;font-size: 12.320749282836914px; line-height: 0; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature23452.html?foxtrotcallback=true#ref2&quot; id=&quot;ref-link-19&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(92, 121, 150); text-decoration: none; clear: both;&quot; title=&quot;Fu, Q. et al. A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes. Curr. Biol. 23, 553–559 (2013)&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, &#039;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&#039;, &#039;ＭＳ ゴシック&#039;, Osaka, &#039;MS PGothic&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.494999885559082px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;. Lida Ajer represents, to our knowledge, the earliest evidence of rainforest occupation by AMH, and underscores the importance of reassessing the timing and environmental context of the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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