<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athreya, Sheela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, Xinzhi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A multivariate assessment of the Dali hominin cranium from China: Morphological affinities and implications for Pleistocene evolution in East Asia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Phys Anthropol</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Africa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">East Asia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H. sapiens evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Pleistocene Homo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Western Eurasia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29068047</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">679 - 701</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1096-8644</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;ajpa23305-sec-0001&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(233, 239, 240); overflow: hidden; clear: both; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Lucida Grande&amp;quot;, Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; line-height: 1.6em;&quot;&gt;Objectives&lt;/h4&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;A nearly complete hominin fossil cranium from Dali in Shaanxi Province, China was excavated in 1978. We update and expand on previous research by providing a multivariate analysis of the specimen relative to a large sample of Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;ajpa23305-sec-0002&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(233, 239, 240); overflow: hidden; clear: both; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Lucida Grande&amp;quot;, Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; line-height: 1.6em;&quot;&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/h4&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;We apply principal components analysis, discriminant function analysis, and a method of assessing group membership based on a soft independent model of class analogy (SIMCA) to the study of Dali&#039;s cranial morphology. We evaluate Dali&#039;s affinities within the context of Middle and Late Pleistocene&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Homo&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;patterns of craniofacial morphology.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;ajpa23305-sec-0003&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(233, 239, 240); overflow: hidden; clear: both; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Lucida Grande&amp;quot;, Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; line-height: 1.6em;&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h4&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;When just the facial skeleton is considered, Dali aligns with Middle Paleolithic&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;H. sapiens&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and is clearly more derived than African or Eurasian Middle Pleistocene&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Homo&lt;/span&gt;. When just the neurocranium is considered, Dali is most similar to African and Eastern Eurasian but not Western European Middle Pleistocene&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Homo&lt;/span&gt;. When both sets of variables are considered together, Dali exhibits a unique morphology that is most closely aligned with the earliest&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;H. sapiens&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;from North Africa and the Levant.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;ajpa23305-sec-0004&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(233, 239, 240); overflow: hidden; clear: both; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Lucida Grande&amp;quot;, Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; line-height: 1.6em;&quot;&gt;Discussion&lt;/h4&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;These results add perspective to our previous view of as Dali a “transitional” form between Chinese&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;H. erectus&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;H. sapiens&lt;/span&gt;. Athough no taxonomic allocation is appropriate at this time for Dali, it appears to represent a population that played a more central role in the origin of Chinese&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;H. sapiens&lt;/span&gt;. Dali&#039;s affinities can be understood in the context of Wu&#039;s Continuity with Hybridization scenario and a braided-stream network model of gene flow. Specifically, we propose that Pleistocene populations in China were shaped by periods of isolated evolutionary change within local lineages at certain times, and gene flow between local lineages or between Eastern and Western Eurasia, and Africa at other times, resulting in contributions being made in different capacities to different regions at different times.&lt;/p&gt;
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</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record></records></xml>