<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bogaert, Anthony F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skorska, Malvina N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Chao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabrie, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MacNeil, Adam J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoffarth, Mark R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VanderLaan, Doug P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zucker, Kenneth J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanchard, Ray</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male homosexuality and maternal immune responsivity to the Y-linked protein NLGN4Y</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PNAS</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017/12/11</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/12/05/1705895114.full</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;TY &amp;nbsp;- JOUR&lt;br /&gt;
A1 &amp;nbsp;- Bogaert, Anthony F.&lt;br /&gt;
A1 &amp;nbsp;- Skorska, Malvina N.&lt;br /&gt;
A1 &amp;nbsp;- Wang, Chao&lt;br /&gt;
A1 &amp;nbsp;- Gabrie, José&lt;br /&gt;
A1 &amp;nbsp;- MacNeil, Adam J.&lt;br /&gt;
A1 &amp;nbsp;- Hoffarth, Mark R.&lt;br /&gt;
A1 &amp;nbsp;- VanderLaan, Doug P.&lt;br /&gt;
A1 &amp;nbsp;- Zucker, Kenneth J.&lt;br /&gt;
A1 &amp;nbsp;- Blanchard, Ray&lt;br /&gt;
T1 &amp;nbsp;- Male homosexuality and maternal immune responsivity to the Y-linked protein NLGN4Y&lt;br /&gt;
Y1 &amp;nbsp;- 2017/12/11&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
JO &amp;nbsp;- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
M3 &amp;nbsp;- 10.1073/pnas.1705895114&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
UR &amp;nbsp;- http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/12/05/1705895114.abstract&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
N2 - We conducted a direct test of an immunological explanation of the finding that gay men have a greater number of older brothers than do heterosexual men. This explanation posits that some mothers develop antibodies against a Y-linked protein important in male brain development, and that this effect becomes increasingly likely with each male gestation, altering brain structures underlying sexual orientation in their later-born sons. Immune assays targeting two Y-linked proteins important in brain development—protocadherin 11 Y-linked (PCDH11Y) and neuroligin 4 Y-linked (NLGN4Y; isoforms 1 and 2)—were developed. Plasma from mothers of sons, about half of whom had a gay son, along with additional controls (women with no sons, men) was analyzed for male protein-specific antibodies. Results indicated women had significantly higher anti-NLGN4Y levels than men. In addition, after statistically controlling for number of pregnancies, mothers of gay sons, particularly those with older brothers, had significantly higher anti-NLGN4Y levels than did the control samples of women, including mothers of heterosexual sons. The results suggest an association between a maternal immune response to NLGN4Y and subsequent sexual orientation in male offspring.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
ER &amp;nbsp;-&lt;/p&gt;

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