<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Okerblom, JJ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fletes, W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patel, HH</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schenk, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajit Varki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breen, EC</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human-like Cmah Inactivation in Mice Increases Running Endurance and Decreases Muscle Fatigability: Implications for Human Evolution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Royal Society (Biological Sciences)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/285/1886/20181656</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Compared to other primates, humans are exceptional long-distance runners, a feature that emerged in genus&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;Homo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;approximately 2 Ma and is classically attributed to anatomical and physiological adaptations such as an enlarged gluteus maximus and improved heat dissipation. However, no underlying genetic changes have currently been defined. Two to three million years ago, an exon deletion in the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;CMAH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;) gene also became fixed in our ancestral lineage.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;Cmah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;loss in mice exacerbates disease severity in multiple mouse models for muscular dystrophy, a finding only partially attributed to differences in immune reactivity. We evaluated the exercise capacity of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;Cmah&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 0.75em; position: relative; bottom: 0.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;−/−&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;mice and observed an increased performance during forced treadmill testing and after 15 days of voluntary wheel running.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;Cmah&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 0.75em; position: relative; bottom: 0.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;−/−&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;hindlimb muscle exhibited more capillaries and a greater fatigue resistance&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;in situ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;. Maximal coupled respiration was also higher in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;Cmah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;null mice&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;ex vivo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and relevant differences in metabolic pathways were also noted. Taken together, these data suggest that&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;CMAH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;loss contributes to an improved skeletal muscle capacity for oxygen use. If translatable to humans,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;CMAH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;loss could have provided a selective advantage for ancestral&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50);&quot;&gt;Homo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;during&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;caret-color: rgb(51, 49, 50); color: rgb(51, 49, 50); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt; the transition from forest dwelling to increased resource exploration and hunter/gatherer behaviour in the open savannah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1886</style></issue></record></records></xml>