<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dyble, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Major, Katie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Page, Abigail E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaudhary, Nikhil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salali, Gul Deniz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thompson, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vinicius, Lucio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Migliano, Andrea Bamberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mace, Ruth</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A friend in need is a friend indeed: Need-based sharing, rather than cooperative assortment, predicts experimental resource transfers among Agta hunter-gatherers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution and Human Behavior</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution and Human Behavior</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assortativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooperation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experimental games</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunter-gatherers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Need-based sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reciprocity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513818301235</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82-89</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1090-5138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Despite much theorizing, the evolutionary reasons why humans cooperate extensively with unrelated individuals are still largely unknown. While reciprocity explains many instances of non-kin cooperation, much remains to be understood. A recent suite of models based upon ‘cooperative assortativity’ suggest that non-kin cooperation can evolve if individuals preferentially assort with certain cooperative phenotypes, such as helping those who help others. Here, we test these assortative hypotheses among the Agta, a population of Filipino hunter-gatherers, using an experimental resource allocation game in which individuals divide resources between themselves and camp-mates. Individuals preferentially shared with less cooperative individuals, arguing against cooperative assortativity as a mechanism sustaining resource transfers in this population. Rather, sharing was often based on the recipient&#039;s level of need, in addition to kin-based transfers and reciprocal sharing. Contrary to several recent theoretical accounts, in this real-world setting we find no evidence for cooperative assortativity influencing patterns of cooperation. These results may reflect the demands of living in a foraging ecology characterized by high resource stochasticity, necessitating need-based sharing as a system of long-term reciprocity to mitigate repeated subsistence shortfalls.&lt;/p&gt;
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