<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ekshtain, Ravid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malinsky-Buller, Ariel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenbaum, Noam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitki, Netta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stahlschmidt, Mareike C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shahack-Gross, Ruth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nir, Nadav</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porat, Naomi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bar-Yosef Mayer, Daniella E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yeshurun, Reuven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Been, Ella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rak, Yoel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agha, Nuha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brailovsky, Lena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krakovsky, Masha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spivak, Polina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ullman, Micka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vered, Ariel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barzilai, Omry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hovers, Erella</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persistent Neanderthal occupation of the open-air site of ‘Ein Qashish, Israel</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLOS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019/06/26</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0215668</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e0215668 - </style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Over the last two decades, much of the recent efforts dedicated to the Levantine Middle Paleolithic has concentrated on the role of open-air sites in the settlement system in the region. Here focus on the site of ‘Ein Qashish as a cases study. Located in present-day northern Israel, the area of this site is estimated to have been &amp;gt;1300 m2, of which ca. 670 were excavated. The site is located at the confluence of the Qishon stream with a small tributary running off the eastern flanks of the Mt. Carmel. At the area of this confluence, water channels and alluvial deposits created a dynamic depositional environment. Four Archaeological Units were identified in a 4.5-m thick stratigraphic sequence were dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) to between—71 and 54 ka, and probably shorter time span–~70-~60 ka. Here we present the diverse material culture remains from the site (lithics, including refitted sequences; modified limestone pieces; molluscs; faunal remains) against their changing paleogeographic backdrop. Skeletal evidence suggests that these remains were associated with Neanderthals. The large-scale repeated accumulation of late Middle Paleolithic remains in the same place on the landscape provides a unique opportunity to address questions of occupation duration and intensity in open-air sites. We find that each occupation was of ephemeral nature, yet presents a range of activities, suggesting that the locale has been used as a generalized residential site rather than specialized task-specific ones. This role of ‘Ein Qashish did not change through time, suggesting that during the late Middle Paleolithic settlement system in this part of the southern Levant were stable.&lt;/p&gt;
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