<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kühl, Hjalmar S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boesch, Christophe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kulik, Lars</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haas, Fabian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arandjelovic, Mimi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dieguez, Paula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bocksberger, Gaëlle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McElreath, Mary Brooke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agbor, Anthony</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angedakin, Samuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayimisin, Emmanuel Ayuk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bailey, Emma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barubiyo, Donatienne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bessone, Mattia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brazzola, Gregory</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chancellor, Rebecca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohen, Heather</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coupland, Charlotte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Danquah, Emmanuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deschner, Tobias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dowd, Dervla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dunn, Andrew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egbe, Villard Ebot</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eshuis, Henk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goedmakers, Annemarie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granjon, Anne-Céline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Head, Josephine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hedwig, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hermans, Veerle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imong, Inaoyom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeffery, Kathryn J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jones, Sorrel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Junker, Jessica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kadam, Parag</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kambere, Mbangi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kambi, Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kienast, Ivonne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kujirakwinja, Deo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Langergraber, Kevin E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lapuente, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larson, Bradley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, Kevin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leinert, Vera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llana, Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maretti, Giovanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marrocoli, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Rumen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mbi, Tanyi Julius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meier, Amelia C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morgan, Bethan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morgan, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mulindahabi, Felix</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murai, Mizuki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neil, Emily</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niyigaba, Protais</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ormsby, Lucy Jayne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orume, Robinson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pacheco, Liliana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piel, Alex</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preece, Jodie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regnaut, Sebastien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rundus, Aaron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, Crickette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Schijndel, Joost</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sommer, Volker</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stewart, Fiona</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tagg, Nikki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vendras, Elleni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vergnes, Virginie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Welsh, Adam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wessling, Erin G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willie, Jacob</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wittig, Roman M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuh, Yisa Ginath</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yurkiw, Kyle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuberbühler, Klaus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalan, Ammie K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019/03/29</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/363/6434/1453</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">363</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1453</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We often frame negative human impacts on animal species in terms of numbers of individuals reduced or numbers of regions from which species are absent. However, human activities are likely affecting species in more complex ways than these figures can capture. Kühl et al. studied behavioral and cultural diversity in our closest relative, the chimpanzee. They found that human-mediated disturbance is reducing these complex traits. Human influence thus goes well beyond simple loss of populations or species, leading to behavioral change even where populations persist.Science, this issue p. 1453Chimpanzees possess a large number of behavioral and cultural traits among nonhuman species. The “disturbance hypothesis” predicts that human impact depletes resources and disrupts social learning processes necessary for behavioral and cultural transmission. We used a dataset of 144 chimpanzee communities, with information on 31 behaviors, to show that chimpanzees inhabiting areas with high human impact have a mean probability of occurrence reduced by 88%, across all behaviors, compared to low-impact areas. This behavioral diversity loss was evident irrespective of the grouping or categorization of behaviors. Therefore, human impact may not only be associated with the loss of populations and genetic diversity, but also affects how animals behave. Our results support the view that “culturally significant units” should be integrated into wildlife conservation.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6434</style></issue></record></records></xml>