<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jardim, Lucas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rangel, Thiago F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holden, Phillip B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edwards, Neil R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hortal, Joaquín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Ana M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raia, Pasquale</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantitative genetics of body size evolution on islands: an individual-based simulation approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Letters</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Letters</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019/10/31</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0481</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20190481</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p xmlns:ali=&quot;http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/&quot; xmlns:bkstg=&quot;http://www.atypon.com/backstage-ns&quot; xmlns:mml=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; xmlns:oasis=&quot;http://www.niso.org/standards/z39-96/ns/oasis-exchange/table&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot; xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;&gt;According to the island rule, small-bodied vertebrates will tend to evolve larger body size on islands, whereas the opposite happens to large-bodied species. This controversial pattern has been studied at the macroecological and biogeographical scales, but new developments in quantitative evolutionary genetics now allow studying the island rule from a mechanistic perspective. Here, we develop a simulation approach based on an individual-based model to model body size change on islands as a progressive adaptation to a moving optimum, determined by density-dependent population dynamics. We applied the model to evaluate body size differentiation in the pigmy extinct hominin&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Homo floresiensis,&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;showing that dwarfing may have occurred in only about 360 generations (95% CI ranging from 150 to 675 generations). This result agrees with reports suggesting rapid dwarfing of large mammals on islands, as well as with the recent discovery that small-sized hominins lived in Flores as early as 700 kyr ago. Our simulations illustrate the power of analysing ecological and evolutionary patterns from an explicit quantitative genetics perspective.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0481&lt;/p&gt;
</style></notes></record></records></xml>