<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skov, Laurits</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coll Macià, Moisès</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sveinbjörnsson, Garðar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mafessoni, Fabrizio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucotte, Elise A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Einarsdóttir, Margret S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jónsson, Hákon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halldorsson, Bjarni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gudbjartsson, Daniel F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helgason, Agnar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schierup, Mikkel Heide</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefansson, Kari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The nature of Neanderthal introgression revealed by 27,566 Icelandic genomes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020/04/22</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2225-9#citeas</style></url></web-urls></urls><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1476-4687</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Human evolutionary history is rich with the interbreeding of divergent populations. Most humans outside of Africa trace about 2% of their genomes to admixture from Neanderthals, which occurred 50–60 thousand years ago1. Here we examine the effect of this event using 14.4&amp;nbsp;million putative archaic chromosome fragments that were detected in fully phased whole-genome sequences from 27,566&amp;nbsp;Icelanders, corresponding to a range of 56,388–112,709 unique archaic fragments that cover 38.0–48.2% of the callable genome. On the basis of the similarity with known archaic genomes, we assign 84.5% of fragments to an Altai or Vindija Neanderthal origin and 3.3% to Denisovan origin; 12.2% of fragments are of unknown origin. We find that Icelanders have more Denisovan-like fragments than expected through incomplete lineage sorting. This is best explained by Denisovan gene flow, either into ancestors of the introgressing Neanderthals or directly into humans. A within-individual, paired comparison of archaic fragments with syntenic non-archaic fragments revealed that, although the overall rate of mutation was similar in humans and Neanderthals during the 500&amp;nbsp;thousand years that their lineages were separate, there were differences in the relative frequencies of mutation types—perhaps due to different generation intervals for males and females. Finally, we assessed 271&amp;nbsp;phenotypes, report 5 associations driven by variants in archaic fragments and show that the majority of previously reported associations are better explained by non-archaic variants.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record></records></xml>