<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hallast, Pille</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agdzhoyan, Anastasia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balanovsky, Oleg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xue, Yali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tyler-Smith, Chris</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early replacement of West Eurasian male Y chromosomes from the east</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioRxiv</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019/01/01</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/867317v1.full</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">867317</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The genomes of humans outside Africa originated almost entirely from a single migration out ∼50,000-60,000 years ago1,2, followed closely by mixture with Neanderthals contributing ∼2% to all non-Africans3,4. However, the details of this initial migration remain poorly-understood because no ancient DNA analyses are available from this key time period, and present-day autosomal data are uninformative due to subsequent population movements/reshaping5. One locus, however, does retain extensive information from this early period: the Y-chromosome, where a detailed calibrated phylogeny has been constructed6. Three present-day Y lineages were carried by the initial migration: the rare haplogroup D, the moderately rare C, and the very common FT lineage which now dominates most non-African populations6,7. We show that phylogenetic analyses of haplogroup C, D and FT sequences, including very rare deep-rooting lineages, together with phylogeographic analyses of ancient and present-day non-African Y-chromosomes, all point to East/South-east Asia as the origin 50,000-55,000 years ago of all known non-African male lineages (apart from recent migrants). This implies that the initial Y lineages in populations between Africa and eastern Asia have been entirely replaced by lineages from the east, contrasting with the expectations of the serial-founder model8,9, and thus informing and constraining models of the initial expansion.&lt;/p&gt;
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