<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bogin, Barry</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fear, violence, inequality, and stunting in Guatemala.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Hum Biol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Hum Biol</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021 Jun 14</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e23627</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Stunting is defined by the public health community as a length- or height-for-age &amp;lt;-2 SD of a growth standard or reference and is claimed to be caused by poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;MATERIAL AND METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Stunting is common at all income levels in middle- and low-income countries. At the higher income levels, stunting is unlikely to be caused by nutrient deficiency or infectious disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;In Guatemala, 17% of &amp;lt;5-year-olds in the highest family income quintile are stunted. Guatemala has a history of violence from armed conflict, current-day social and economic inequalities, government corruption, and threat of kidnapping for the wealthiest families.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;The high level of persistent violence creates an ecology of fear, an extreme range of inequalities in Social-Economic-Political-Emotional resources, and biosocial stress that inhibits skeletal growth and causes stunting for people of all income levels.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34125987?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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