<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vakirlis, Nikolaos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vance, Zoe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duggan, Kate M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McLysaght, Aoife</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De novo birth of functional microproteins in the human lineage.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Rep</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Rep</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution, Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hominidae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open Reading Frames</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pan troglodytes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022 Dec 20</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(22)01696-5?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2211124722016965%3Fshowall%3Dtrue</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111808</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Small open reading frames (sORFs) can encode functional &quot;microproteins&quot; that perform crucial biological tasks. However, their size makes them less amenable to genomic analysis, and their origins and conservation are poorly understood. Given their short length, it is plausible that some of these functional microproteins have recently originated entirely de novo from noncoding sequences. Here we sought to identify such cases in the human lineage by reconstructing the evolutionary origins of human microproteins previously found to have measurable, statistically significant fitness effects. By tracing the formation of each ORF and its transcriptional activation, we show that novel microproteins with significant phenotypic effects have emerged de novo throughout animal evolution, including two after the human-chimpanzee split. Notably, traditional methods for assessing coding potential would miss most of these cases. This evidence demonstrates that the functional potential intrinsic to sORFs can be relatively rapidly and frequently realized through de novo gene emergence.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36543139?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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