<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clara-L. Sandmann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana F. Schulz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorge Ruiz-Orera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marieluise Kirchner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matthias Ziehm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eleonora Adami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maike Marczenke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annabel Christ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Liebe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johannes Greiner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aaron Schoenenberger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael B. Muecke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ning Liang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert L. Moritz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhi Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eric W. Deutsch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Gotthardt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonathan M. Mudge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John R. Prensner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas E. Willnow</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philipp Mertins</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sebastiaan van Heesch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norbert Hubner</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolutionary origins and interactomes of human, young microproteins and small peptides translated from short open reading frames</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1097276523000758</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;All species continuously evolve short open reading frames (sORFs) that can be templated for protein synthesis and may provide raw materials for evolutionary adaptation. We analyzed the evolutionary origins of 7,264 recently cataloged human sORFs and found that most were evolutionarily young and had emerged de novo. We additionally identified 221 previously missed sORFs potentially translated into peptides of up to 15 amino acids—all of which are smaller than the smallest human microprotein annotated to date. To investigate the bioactivity of sORF-encoded small peptides and young microproteins, we subjected 266 candidates to a mass-spectrometry-based interactome screen with motif resolution. Based on these interactomes and additional cellular assays, we can associate several candidates with mRNA splicing, translational regulation, and endocytosis. Our work provides insights into the evolutionary origins and interaction potential of young and small proteins, thereby helping to elucidate this underexplored territory of the human proteome.&lt;/p&gt;
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