<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barrie, William</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, Yaoling</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irving-Pease, Evan K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attfield, Kathrine E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scorrano, Gabriele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Lise Torp</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armen, Angelos P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimopoulos, Evangelos Antonios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stern, Aaron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Refoyo-Martinez, Alba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pearson, Alice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramsøe, Abigail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaunitz, Charleen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demeter, Fabrice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jørkov, Marie Louise S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Møller, Stig Bermann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springborg, Bente</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klassen, Lutz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyldgård, Inger Marie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wickmann, Niels</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vinner, Lasse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allentoft, Morten E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sikora, Martin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristiansen, Kristian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez, Santiago</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nielsen, Rasmus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iversen, Astrid K. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lawson, Daniel J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fugger, Lars</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willerslev, Eske</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevated genetic risk for multiple sclerosis emerged in steppe pastoralist populations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024/01/01</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06618-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">625</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">321 - 328</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1476-4687</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that is most prevalent in Northern Europe. Although it is known that inherited risk for MS is located within or in close proximity to immune-related genes, it is unknown when, where and how this genetic risk originated1. Here, by using a large ancient genome dataset from the Mesolithic&amp;nbsp;period to the Bronze Age2, along with new Medieval and post-Medieval genomes, we show that the genetic risk for MS rose among pastoralists from the Pontic steppe and was brought into Europe by the Yamnaya-related migration approximately 5,000 years ago. We further show that these MS-associated immunogenetic variants underwent positive selection both within the steppe population and later in Europe, probably driven by pathogenic challenges coinciding with changes in&amp;nbsp;diet, lifestyle and population density. This study highlights the critical importance of the Neolithic period&amp;nbsp;and Bronze Age as determinants of modern immune responses and their subsequent effect on the risk of developing MS in a changing environment.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7994</style></issue></record></records></xml>