<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micarelli, Ileana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minozzi, Simona</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Di Vincenzo, Fabio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-González, Rebeca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giuffra, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paine, Robert R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carretero, José-Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fornaciari, Gino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moncel, Marie-Hélène</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manzi, Giorgio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The oldest fossil hominin from Italy: Reassessment of the femoral diaphysis from Venosa-Notarchirico in its Acheulean context</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Science Reviews</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Science Reviews</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bone micro-anatomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early Acheulean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Pleistocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paleopathology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024/06/15/</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124002105</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">334</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108709</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0277-3791</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Venosa-Notarchirico is a musealized Lower Paleolithic site in southern Italy (Basilicata), where a human femoral shaft was discovered in 1985. The fossil specimen can be evaluated in the new light of excavations started in 2016, which provide a more updated and extensive picture of the site, including the crucial Ar/Ar date of 661-614 ka for the human specimen. This makes the fossil diaphysis from Venosa-Notarchirico (Vn-H1) the oldest fossil hominin found so far in the Italian peninsula, associated with the earliest evidence of genuine Acheulean in Europe. In this paper, we report a comparative morphometric analysis of this femur, as well as a paleopathological reappraisal of the periosteal alteration that affects the specimen, supported by an unpublished histological analysis. Vn-H1 represents the proximal two-thirds of a right femur lacking the epiphyseal region. We argue it belonged to an immature individual, possibly a juvenile (late adolescent). Its features suggest that the specimen may refer to an archaic (i.e., non-modern) human species, also showing morphological differences compared to fossil samples of the Neanderthal lineage. We also support the identification of a pathological condition affecting Vn-H1, particularly evident in some preserved portions of the mid-shaft as described here. Its etiology is discussed after differential diagnosis, which led us to suggest an alteration of inflammatory origin, viewed as a nonspecific periosteal response. This pathology may have been roughly concomitant with the death of the individual.&lt;/p&gt;
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