<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde-Valverde, Mercedes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quirós-Sánchez, Amara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diez-Valero, Julia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mata-Castro, Nieves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Fernández, Alfredo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quam, Rolf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carretero, Jose Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-González, Rebeca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-Andrés, Ángeles</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arsuaga, Juan Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, Ignacio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villaverde, Valentín</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The child who lived: Down syndrome among Neanderthals?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Advances</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Advances</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adn9310</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eadn9310</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Caregiving for disabled individuals among Neanderthals has been known for a long time, and there is a debate about the implications of this behavior. Some authors believe that caregiving took place between individuals able to reciprocate the favor, while others argue that caregiving was produced by a feeling of compassion related to other highly adaptive prosocial behaviors. The study of children with severe pathologies is particularly interesting, as children have a very limited possibility to reciprocate the assistance. We present the case of a Neanderthal child who suffered from a congenital pathology of the inner ear, probably debilitating, and associated with Down syndrome. This child would have required care for at least 6 years, likely necessitating other group members to assist the mother in childcare A Neanderthal child with a debilitating pathology required social care to survive for at least 6 years.Caregiving for disabled individuals among Neanderthals has been known for a long time, and there is a debate about the implications of this behavior. Some authors believe that caregiving took place between individuals able to reciprocate the favor, while others argue that caregiving was produced by a feeling of compassion related to other highly adaptive prosocial behaviors. The study of children with severe pathologies is particularly interesting, as children have a very limited possibility to reciprocate the assistance. We present the case of a Neanderthal child who suffered from a congenital pathology of the inner ear, probably debilitating, and associated with Down syndrome. This child would have required care for at least 6 years, likely necessitating other group members to assist the mother in childcare A Neanderthal child with a debilitating pathology required social care to survive for at least 6 years.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adn9310&lt;/p&gt;
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