<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lameira, Adriano R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The evolutionary origin of human kissing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and ReviewsEvolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and ReviewsEvolutionary Anthropology.</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">affection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ancestral ape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">great apes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grooming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kissing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social ties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“groomer&#039;s final kiss hypothesis”</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024/10/17</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.22050</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e22050</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1060-1538</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Abstract A kiss has been a signal of special affection across continents and cultures for millennia. Between times and peoples, social norms invariably prescribe kissing to specific affiliations and contexts, implying deeper biological bases. Why the protruding of the lips and slight suction when touching another? Capuchin monkeys stick their fingers in their friends&amp;#39; eyes as sign of affection, why have humans developed kissing? Here I briefly review proposed hypotheses for the evolution of human kissing. Great ape social behavior suggests that kissing is likely the conserved final mouth-contact stage of a grooming bout when the groomer sucks with protruded lips the fur or skin of the groomed to latch on debris or a parasite. The hygienic relevance of grooming decreased over human evolution due to fur-loss, but shorter sessions would have predictably retained a final ?kissing? stage, ultimately, remaining the only vestige of a once ritualistic behavior for signaling and strengthening social and kinship ties in an ancestral ape.&lt;/p&gt;
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