<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ochando, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giles-Guzmán, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neto de Carvalho, Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrión, José S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muñiz, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubiales, Juan Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cura, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belo, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finlayson, Stewart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martrat, Belen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Drooge, Barend L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Alix, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano Rodríguez, Jose Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albert, Rosa Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ohkouchi, Naohiko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogawa, Nanako</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suga, Hisami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camuera, Jon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Ruiz, Francisca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villanueva, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teruel, Oriol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davtian, Nina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Noel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belaústegui, Zain</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-Vidal, Joaquín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munuera, Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menez, Alex</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finlayson, Geraldine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finlayson, Clive</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Neanderthal&#039;s specialised burning structure compatible with tar obtention</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Science Reviews</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geochemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibraltar caves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neanderthals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palaeoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palaeolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palynology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tar</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024/11/12/</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109025</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0277-3791</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Here we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated &amp;sim; 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure&amp;#39;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behaviour, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.&lt;/p&gt;
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