<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James O&#039;Connell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicholas Blurton Jones</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hadza Men’s Follows, 1985-1986: Data and Implications for Ideas About Ancestral Male Foraging Effort in Human Evolution</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://paleoanthropology.org/ojs/index.php/paleo/article/view/1084</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Paternal provisioning via big game hunting and scavenging is central to most arguments about early human evolution.&amp;nbsp; Data from East African Hadza challenge those widely held ideas.&amp;nbsp; Here we report direct observations by the Utah/UCLA research group on Hadza men&amp;rsquo;s foraging drawn from 570 hours of out-of-camp follows on focal men (FM), Sept 1985-Aug 1986, all in a setting similar in some ways to those in which early humans evolved.&amp;nbsp; Large ungulates were pursued frequently but few were acquired.&amp;nbsp; When taken, parts were consumed widely within and between local groups, with no evidence of advantages in consumption for successful hunters&amp;rsquo; children.&amp;nbsp; FM targeted smaller, more reliably acquired prey far less often, earning total weights of about 1% of those from big game.&amp;nbsp; Nearly all were eaten by FM themselves during follows.&amp;nbsp; FM and companions also took large quantities of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Apis mellifera&lt;/em&gt;honey in some seasons.&amp;nbsp; More than half was consumed by FM and other party members while away from camp.&amp;nbsp; Much of the rest was set aside for trade.&amp;nbsp; Both practices limited its consumption by FMs&amp;rsquo; children.&amp;nbsp; Men&amp;rsquo;s foraging was not consistent with the goal of paternal provisioning in these data&amp;nbsp;nor in our broader experience with Hadza foragers.&amp;nbsp; An alternative model of early human evolution based on life history-related changes in mating-age sex ratios, driven by senior females&amp;rsquo; foraging productivity and its implications for ancestral males&amp;rsquo; foraging, fits better with both our Hadza observations and the paleoanthropological record.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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