<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lüdecke, Tina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leichliter, Jennifer N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stratford, Dominic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sigman, Daniel M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vonhof, Hubert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haug, Gerald H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bamford, Marion K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-García, Alfredo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Australopithecus at Sterkfontein did not consume substantial mammalian meat</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Isotopes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collagen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dental Enamel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fossils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hominidae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen isotopes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025 Jan 17</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7315</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309-314</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Incorporation of animal-based foods into early hominin diets has been hypothesized to be a major catalyst of many important evolutionary events, including brain expansion. However, direct evidence of the onset and evolution of animal resource consumption in hominins remains elusive. The nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14 ratio of collagen provides trophic information about individuals in modern and geologically recent ecosystems (&amp;lt;200,000 years ago), but diagenetic loss of this organic matter precludes studies of greater age. By contrast, nitrogen in tooth enamel is preserved for millions of years. We report enamel-bound organic nitrogen and carbonate carbon isotope measurements of Sterkfontein Member 4 mammalian fauna, including seven &lt;em&gt;Australopithecus&lt;/em&gt; specimens. Our results suggest a variable but plant-based diet (largely C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) for these hominins. Therefore, we argue that &lt;em&gt;Australopithecus&lt;/em&gt; at Sterkfontein did not engage in regular mammalian meat consumption.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6731</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39818884?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom1></record></records></xml>