<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Siyuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahony, Bridget W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitman, Ethan T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gotts, Stephen J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moraczewski, Dustin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas, Adam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Alex</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raznahan, Armin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robust but independent sex differences in human brain function, structure, and behavior</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature Communications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026/05/21</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-73262-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2041-1723</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;meta charset=&quot;UTF-8&quot; /&gt;The neurobiological accompaniments of well-established sex differences in human behavior and disease remain unclear &amp;mdash; in part due to a lack of large, diverse functional neuroimaging studies. We address this gap using over 700&amp;thinsp;h of fMRI data across seven tasks from 978 individuals with extensive structural and behavioral measures. We find that sex differences in task-activation are widespread (85% of cortex)&amp;nbsp;and reproducible,&amp;nbsp; largely&amp;nbsp;task-specific, of small to moderate effect size,&amp;nbsp;and unaligned with brain volume differences. While machine learning can classify sex from brain activation, volume, or behavior, these data types provide orthogonal information. Brain-wide association studies reveal that links between brain activation and behavior are highly conserved between sexes. The few subtle sex differences in brain-behavior linkage that do exist are not preferentially localized to sex-biased behaviors. Our findings clarify the nature of sex differences in human brain function and their links with neuroanatomy and behavior, providing a useful foundation for future research.&lt;/p&gt;
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