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CDH12 (cadherin 12, type 2 (N-cadherin 2) )

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What is MOCA?
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Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes": 
Likely Difference
MOCA Domain: 
Genetics
MOCA Topic Authors: 
Majesta O'Bleness
James Sikela

Cadherin 12 is an integral membrane protein that mediates calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion specifically in the brain. Changes in CDH12 have been associated with schizophrenia and violent suicide victims. Array comparative genomic hybridization indicates that CDH12 is present in the human genome in higher copy number than any other primate. Implications for this change in copy number are unknown.

Genetics Topic Attributes

Gene symbols follow the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee standard.

Gene Symbol:
CDH12 (CDH12: cadherin 12, type 2 (N-cadherin 2))
Type of Human-Specific Changes:
Copy Number Changes
Related MOCA Topics
Related Topics:
TitleCertainty
SuicideSpeculative
Timing

Timing of Appearance of the Difference in the Hominin Lineage.

For this entry assume that

  • the common ancestor of humans and old world monkeys was 25000 thousand (25 million) years ago
  • the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees was 6000 thousand (6 million) years ago
  • the emergence of the genus Homo was 2000 thousand (2 million) years ago
  • the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 thousand years ago

 

Definite Appearance: 
6000 Thousand Years
References: 

Armengol G, Knuutila S, Lozano JJ, Madrigal I, Caballín MR. (2010) Identification of human specific gene duplications relative to other primates by array CGH and quantitative PCR. Genomics 95(4):203-9. PMID:20153417
 
Hamshere ML, Green EK, Jones IR, Jones L, Moskvina V, Kirov G, Grozeva D, Nikolov I, Vukcevic D, Caesar S, Gordon-Smith K, Fraser C, Russell E, Breen G, St Clair D, Collier DA, Young AH, Ferrier IN, Farmer A, McGuffin P; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Holmans PA, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Craddock N. Genetic utility of broadly defined bipolar schizoaffective disorder as a diagnostic concept. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Jul;195(1):23-9. PMID: 19567891
 

Thalmeier A, Dickmann M, Giegling I, Schneider B, M Hartmann A, Maurer K, Schnabel A, Kauert G, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Gene expression profiling of post-mortem orbitofrontal cortex in violent suicide victims. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008 Mar;11(2):217-28. Epub 2007 Jul 3. PMID: 17608962
 
 
Fortna A, Kim Y, MacLaren E, Marshall K, Hahn G, Meltesen L, Brenton M, Hink R, Burgers S, Hernandez-Boussard T, Karimpour-Fard A, Glueck D, McGavran L, Berry R, Pollack J, Sikela JM. (2004) Lineage-specific gene duplication and loss in human and great ape evolution. PLoS Biol 2(7):E207. PMID: 15252450

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