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DRD5 (Dopamine receptor D5)

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What is MOCA?
MOCA FAQ...
Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes": 
Likely Difference
MOCA Domain: 
Genetics
MOCA Topic Authors: 
Majesta O'Bleness
James Sikela

The D5 subtype dopamine receptor (DRD5) stimulates adenyl cyclase and is expressed in the neurons of the limbic region of the brain. Polymorphisms in DRD5 have been highly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Humans have approximately 5 more copies of DRD5 than any other primate, but the significance of this change is not understood.

Genetics Topic Attributes

Gene symbols follow the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee standard.

Gene Symbol:
DRD5 (DRD5: dopamine receptor D5)
Type of Human-Specific Changes:
Copy Number Changes
Related MOCA Topics
Timing

Timing of Appearance of the Difference in the Hominin Lineage.

For this entry assume that

  • the common ancestor of humans and old world monkeys was 25000 thousand (25 million) years ago
  • the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees was 6000 thousand (6 million) years ago
  • the emergence of the genus Homo was 2000 thousand (2 million) years ago
  • the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 thousand years ago

 

Probable Appearance: 
2000 Thousand Years
Definite Appearance: 
6000 Thousand Years
References: 

Sudmant PH, Kitzman JO, Antonacci F, Alkan C, Malig M, Tsalenko A, Sampas N, Bruhn L, Shendure J; 1000 Genomes Project, Eichler EE. Diversity of human copy number variation and multicopy genes. Science. 2010 Oct 29;330(6004):641-6. PMID:21030649

 

Armengol G, Knuutila S, Lozano JJ, Madrigal I, Caballín MR. (2010) Identification of human specific gene duplications relative to other primates by array CGH and quantitative PCR. Genomics 95(4):203-9. PMID:20153417

 

Kuroiwa M, Oneyama C, Nada S, Okada M. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Arhgef5 plays crucial roles in Src-induced podosome formation. J Cell Sci. 2011 May 15;124(Pt 10):1726-38. PMID: 21525037

Fortna A, Kim Y, MacLaren E, Marshall K, Hahn G, Meltesen L, Brenton M, Hink R, Burgers S, Hernandez-Boussard T, Karimpour-Fard A, Glueck D, McGavran L, Berry R, Pollack J, Sikela JM. (2004) Lineage-specific gene duplication and loss in human and great ape evolution. PLoS Biol 2(7):E207. PMID: 15252450
 

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