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GRIN3B (Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 3B)

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Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes": 
Likely Difference
MOCA Domain: 
Genetics
MOCA Topic Authors: 
Majesta O'Bleness
James Sikela

Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A (GRIN3B) is a subunit of NMDA receptors, which are glutamate regulated ion-channels that regulate excitatory synaptic transmission. GRIN3B genetic changes have been associated with changes in social interaction and anxiety. GRIN3B has an amino acid change that lead to a gain of a phosphorylation site. Change in the human GRIN3B has been hypothesized to play a role in human higher brain function.

Genetics Topic Attributes

Gene symbols follow the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee standard.

Gene Symbol:
GRIN3B (GRIN3B: glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 3B)
Type of Human-Specific Changes:
Amino Acid Change
Related MOCA Topics
Timing

Timing of Appearance of the Difference in the Hominin Lineage.

For this entry assume that

  • the common ancestor of humans and old world monkeys was 25000 thousand (25 million) years ago
  • the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees was 6000 thousand (6 million) years ago
  • the emergence of the genus Homo was 2000 thousand (2 million) years ago
  • the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 thousand years ago

 

Definite Appearance: 
6000 Thousand Years
References: 

Goto H, Watanabe K, Araragi N, Kageyama R, Tanaka K, Kuroki Y, Toyoda A, Hattori M, Sakaki Y, Fujiyama A, Fukumaki Y, Shibata H. (2009) The identification and functional implications of human-specific "fixed" amino acid substitutions in the glutamate receptor family. BMC Evol Biol. 9:224.PMID: 19737383

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