Mind-Altering Drug Use

In virtually all human cultures, there is some usage of mind-altering drugs for religious, social or recreational purposes. There is no evidence that apes deliberately use mind-altering drugs in captivity or in the wild. (However, some animals and birds have been observed to consume fermented fruit materials). Also, captive primates and rodents provided the opportunity to access certain mind-altering drugs (including alcohol and opiates) will avail themselves of the opportunity.