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Response to Tuberculin Test

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Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes": 
Likely Difference
MOCA Domain: 
Immunology
MOCA Topic Authors: 
Ajit Varki

Tuberculin (an extract of mycobacterial cell walls) is used as a skin antigen challenge for testing tuberculosis exposure and sub-clinical infections in humans and captive great apes. Chimpanzees are said to require up to 10 times the dose of this antigen for a comparable positive reaction. This implies a reduction in the "delayed-type hypersensitivity" reaction, which involves several kinds of white blood cells, particularly T cells.

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TitleCertainty
Siglec Expression on T Cells Speculative
T Cell Reactivity Likely
Referenced By:
TitleCertainty
PsoriasisSpeculative
Timing

Timing of Appearance of the Difference in the Hominin Lineage.

For this entry assume that

  • the common ancestor of humans and old world monkeys was 25000 thousand (25 million) years ago
  • the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees was 6000 thousand (6 million) years ago
  • the emergence of the genus Homo was 2000 thousand (2 million) years ago
  • the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 thousand years ago

 

Possible Appearance: 
6000 Thousand Years
Probable Appearance: 
2000 Thousand Years
Definite Appearance: 
100 Thousand Years