Cell resilience in species life spans: a link to inflammation?

Bibliographic Collection: 
CARTA-Inspired Publication
Publication Type: Journal Article
Authors: Finch, C. E.; Morgan, T. E.; Longo, V. D.; de Magalhaes, J. P.
Year of Publication: 2010
Journal: Aging Cell
Volume: 9
Edition: 2010/04/27
Number: 4
Pagination: 519-26
Date Published: Aug
Type of Article: Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Publication Language: eng
ISBN Number: 1474-9726 (Electronic)14
Keywords: Acute-Phase Reaction/immunology, Animals, Biological, Cell Death/genetics, Cell Survival, DNA Damage, Fibroblasts/pathology, Genome/genetics, Immunity, Inflammation/*pathology, Innate/immunology, Longevity/*physiology, Models, Oxidative Stress, Phylogeny
Abstract:

Species differences in life span have been attributed to cellular survival during various stressors, designated here as 'cell resilience'. In primary fibroblast cultures, cell resilience during exposure to free radicals, hypoglycemia, hyperthermia, and various toxins has shown generally consistent correlations with the species characteristic life spans of birds and mammals. However, the mechanistic links of cell resilience in fibroblast cultures to different species life spans are poorly understood. We propose that certain experimental stressors are relevant to somatic damage in vivo during inflammatory responses of innate immunity, particularly, resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), low glucose, and hyperthermia. According to this hypothesis, somatic cell resilience determines species differences in longevity during repeated infections and traumatic injuries in the natural environment. Infections and injury expose local fibroblasts and other cells to ROS generated by macrophages and to local temperature elevations. Systemically, acute phase immune reactions cause hypoglycemia and hyperthermia. We propose that cell resilience to somatic stressors incurred in inflammation is important in the evolution of longevity and that longer-lived species are specifically more resistant to immune-related stressors. This hypothesis further specifies Kirkwood's disposable soma theory. We suggest expanding the battery of stressors and markers used for comparative studies to additional cell types and additional parameters relevant to host defense and to their ecological specificities.

Notes:

Aging Cell. 2010 Aug;9(4):519-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00578.x. Epub 2010 Apr 23. 

Custom 2:

2952360

Alternate Journal: Aging cell
Author Address:

University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA. cefinch@usc.edu

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