Response to Tuberculin Test

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True Likely Speculative

What is MOCA?
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Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes":

Likely Difference

Human Universality:

Individual Universal (All Individuals Everywhere)

MOCA Domain:

Immunology

MOCA Topic Authors:

Ajit Varki

Tuberculin (an extract of mycobacterial cell walls) is used as a skin antigen challenge for testing tuberculosis exposure and sub-clinical infections in humans and captive great apes. Chimpanzees are said to require up to 10 times the dose of this antigen for a comparable positive reaction. This implies a reduction in the "delayed-type hypersensitivity" reaction, which involves several kinds of white blood cells, particularly T cells.

Timing

Timing of appearance of the difference in the Hominin Lineage as a defined date or a lineage separation event. The point in time associated with lineage separation events may change in the future as the scientific community agrees upon better time estimates. Lineage separation events are defined in 2017 as:

the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and old world monkeys was 25,000 - 30,000 thousand (25 - 30 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees was 6,000 - 8,000 thousand (6 - 8 million) years ago
the emergence of the genus Homo was 2,000 thousand (2 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and neanderthals was 500 thousand years ago
the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 - 300 thousand years ago

Possible Appearance:

6,000 thousand years ago

Probable Appearance:

2,000 thousand years ago

Definite Appearance:

100 thousand years ago

Topic	Certainty
Siglec Expression on T Cells	Speculative
T Cell Reactivity	Likely

Topic	Certainty
Psoriasis	Speculative

References

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