CARTA Glossary
| Word | Definition | Related Vocabulary |
|---|---|---|
| Temporal lobes (brain) |
A pair of structures located on the sides of the brain that are responsible for hearing, speech comprehension, memory formation, and certain aspects of emotional and social processing. |
|
| Thalamic organoids |
Three-dimensional, in vitro structures derived from pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate the cellular architecture, signaling, and development of the thalamus, the brain’s primary sensory relay station. |
|
| Thalamus |
A paired structure in the center of the brain that relays sensory information (touch, pain, temperature, vision, and taste, but excludes smell) to the appropriate areas of the cortex. The thalamus also processes motor signals between the cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. |
Basal Ganglia (brain), Cerebellum (brain), Cerebral cortex (brain) |
| Theory of Mind (ToM) |
The ability to attribute mental beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives, etc., to oneself and to others, and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are similar or different from one’s own. Related/Overlapping Terms: “Intentionality,” Attribution of Mental States,” “Inter-subjectivity,” “Mind- Reading,” “Perspective taking,” “Other-regarding Impulses,” etc. |
|
| Transcription |
The first step in gene expression during which the nucleotide sequence of DNA is transcribed into an RNA molecule that can ultimately be translated into protein. |
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Gene expression, Molecule, Nucleotides, Protein, Ribonucleic acid (RNA), Sequence |
| Transcription factors |
Proteins that initiate and regulate the transcription of genes. Transcription factors bind to specific sequences of DNA called regulatory elements, or other proteins that do so, and directly or indirectly affect the initiation of transcription. The activities of transcription factors determine where and when genes are expressed. |
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Gene, Protein, Regulatory elements, Transcription |
| Transmodal association regions |
Cortical areas that receive sensory and motor input and combine this information to enable complex processes such as reasoning, language, planning, and self-awareness. |
|
| Variant |
DNA that differs among groups studied. |
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| Wernicke’s area |
An important brain region involved in comprehension of written and spoken language. |
