Evolutionary Specializations of Human Brain Microstructure
Bibliographic Collection:
CARTA-Inspired Publication
Publication Type: Book Chapter
Authors: Sherwood, CC; Bauernfeind, AL; Verendeev, A; Raghanti, MA; Hof, PR
Editors: Kaas, JH
Year of Publication: 2017
Book Title: Evolution of Nervous Systems
Edition: 2nd edition
Pagination: 121 - 139
Date Published: 2017
Publisher: Academic Press
City: Oxford
Publication Language: eng
ISBN Number: 978-0-12-804096-6
Keywords: Chimpanzee, Glia, Gorilla, histology, Human brain evolution, Interneuron, Microstructure, Neocortex, Neuromodulator, Neuropil, Orangutan, Pyramidal neuron
Abstract:
Human brain evolution has involved reorganization of neural structure sizes, the distribution of cell types, axonal innervation patterns, and the expression of molecules and proteins. Microstructural specializations are evident with increased neuropil in the prefrontal cortex, modifications of neuromodulatory innervation of the neocortex and basal ganglia, and greater proportions of energetically costly long-range corticocortical projecting neurons. Some microstructural asymmetries in cortical regions associated with language and handedness might also be evolutionarily unique in the human brain.
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