Wild orangutan males plan and communicate their travel direction one day in advance.

Bibliographic Collection: 
APE
Publication Type: Journal Article
Authors: van Schaik, Carel P; Damerius, Laura; Isler, Karin
Year of Publication: 2013
Journal: PLoS One
Volume: 8
Issue: 9
Pagination: e74896
Date Published: 2013
Publication Language: eng
ISSN: 1932-6203
Keywords: Animal communication, Animals, Animals, Wild, Female, Male, Pongo abelii, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Social Behavior, Vocalization, Animal
Abstract:

The ability to plan for the future beyond immediate needs would be adaptive to many animal species, but is widely thought to be uniquely human. Although studies in captivity have shown that great apes are capable of planning for future needs, it is unknown whether and how they use this ability in the wild. Flanged male Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) emit long calls, which females use to maintain earshot associations with them. We tested whether long calls serve to communicate a male's ever-changing predominant travel direction to facilitate maintaining these associations. We found that the direction in which a flanged male emits his long calls predicts his subsequent travel direction for many hours, and that a new call indicates a change in his main travel direction. Long calls given at or near the night nest indicate travel direction better than random until late afternoon on the next day. These results show that male orangutans make their travel plans well in advance and announce them to conspecifics. We suggest that such a planning ability is likely to be adaptive for great apes, as well as in other taxa.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074896
Alternate Journal: PLoS ONE