Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptor (KIR)

Certainty Style Key

Certainty styling is being phased out topic by topic.

Hover over keys for definitions:

True Likely Speculative

What is MOCA?
MOCA FAQ...

Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes":

Likely Difference

MOCA Domain:

Gene Family Expansion and Loss

MOCA Topic Authors:

James Sikela

Veronica Searles Quick

The human KIR family encodes lymphocyte receptor for human leukocyte class I antigens. This family is unique in human in that it is separated into two haplotype groups (A and B), defined by centromeric and telomeric motifs. Each haplotype group arose after the Pan-Homo split, with the haplotype-distuinguishing telomeric motifs arising more recently than the centromeric motifs.

Timing

Timing of appearance of the difference in the Hominin Lineage as a defined date or a lineage separation event. The point in time associated with lineage separation events may change in the future as the scientific community agrees upon better time estimates. Lineage separation events are defined in 2017 as:

the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and old world monkeys was 25,000 - 30,000 thousand (25 - 30 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees was 6,000 - 8,000 thousand (6 - 8 million) years ago
the emergence of the genus Homo was 2,000 thousand (2 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and neanderthals was 500 thousand years ago
the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 - 300 thousand years ago

Possible Appearance:

6,000 thousand years ago

Probable Appearance:

1,700 thousand years ago

The Human Difference:

Novel haplotypes

Topic	Certainty
Centromere and Pericentromere Changes	True
Telomere and Subtelomere Changes	True

Topic	Certainty
Invasive Trophoblast Implantation and Placentation	Likely

References

Different patterns of evolution in the centromeric and telomeric regions of group A and B haplotypes of the human killer cell Ig-like receptor locus., Pyo, Chul-Woo, Guethlein Lisbeth A., Vu Quyen, Wang Ruihan, Abi-Rached Laurent, Norman Paul J., Marsh Steven G. E., Miller Jeffrey S., Parham Peter, and Geraghty Daniel E. , PLoS One, 2010, Volume 5, Issue 12, p.e15115, (2010)
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