KIR3DL1 (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 1) | Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA)

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True Likely Speculative

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Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes":

Likely Difference

Human Universality:

Individual Universal (All Individuals Everywhere)

MOCA Domain:

Genetics

MOCA Topic Authors:

Majesta O'Bleness

James Sikela

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 1 (KIR3DL1) is involved in regulation of the development and response of natural killer cells and are essential parts of human immune defense. All KIR genes are located in the leukocyte receptor complex on chromosome 19q13.4. In humans, the KIR family of genes in subdivided into two haplotypes that evolved after the split with the common ancestor with chimp. KIR3DL1 is a member of the A-haplotype.

Timing

Timing of appearance of the difference in the Hominin Lineage as a defined date or a lineage separation event. The point in time associated with lineage separation events may change in the future as the scientific community agrees upon better time estimates. Lineage separation events are defined in 2017 as:

the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and old world monkeys was 25,000 - 30,000 thousand (25 - 30 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees was 6,000 - 8,000 thousand (6 - 8 million) years ago
the emergence of the genus Homo was 2,000 thousand (2 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and neanderthals was 500 thousand years ago
the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 - 300 thousand years ago

Definite Appearance (Lineage Separation Event):

Last Common Ancestor of Humans and Chimpanzees

Genetics Topic Attributes

Gene symbols follow the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee standard.

Type of Human-Specific Changes
Copy Number Changes

References

Variable NK cell receptors exemplified by human KIR3DL1/S1., Parham, Peter, Norman Paul J., Abi-Rached Laurent, and Guethlein Lisbeth A. , J Immunol, 07/2011, Volume 187, Issue 1, p.11-9, (2011)
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Different patterns of evolution in the centromeric and telomeric regions of group A and B haplotypes of the human killer cell Ig-like receptor locus., Pyo, Chul-Woo, Guethlein Lisbeth A., Vu Quyen, Wang Ruihan, Abi-Rached Laurent, Norman Paul J., Marsh Steven G. E., Miller Jeffrey S., Parham Peter, and Geraghty Daniel E. , PLoS One, 2010, Volume 5, Issue 12, p.e15115, (2010)
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