TBC1D3 (TBC domain family, member 3) | Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA)

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True Likely Speculative

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Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes":

Likely Difference

MOCA Domain:

Genetics

MOCA Topic Authors:

Majesta O'Bleness

James Sikela

TBC1 domain family member 1 (TBC1D3) is an oncogene that enhances the cellular response to epidermal growth factor. TBC1D3 is a primate specific protein that evolved ~25 million years ago, but has undergone a human lineage specific expansion to 8 copies. The implications of these copies are as of yet unknown.

Timing

Timing of appearance of the difference in the Hominin Lineage as a defined date or a lineage separation event. The point in time associated with lineage separation events may change in the future as the scientific community agrees upon better time estimates. Lineage separation events are defined in 2017 as:

the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and old world monkeys was 25,000 - 30,000 thousand (25 - 30 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees was 6,000 - 8,000 thousand (6 - 8 million) years ago
the emergence of the genus Homo was 2,000 thousand (2 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and neanderthals was 500 thousand years ago
the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 - 300 thousand years ago

Definite Appearance:

6,000 thousand years ago

Genetics Topic Attributes

Gene symbols follow the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee standard.

Gene Symbol	Type of Human-Specific Changes
TBC1D3	Copy Number Changes

References

Human-specific genes may offer a unique window into human cell signaling., Stahl, Philip D., and Wainszelbaum Marisa J. , Sci Signal, 2009, Volume 2, Issue 89, p.pe59, (2009)
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