Xq21.3 to Yp11.2 Duplication

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The Xq21.3/Yp11.2 homologous block is specific to Homo sapiens, that is to say that it is represented on the X and Y chromosomes in Man but on the X alone in other mammalian species. The block on the Y is referred to as the “X-transposed region” (XTR)(Ross, Graftham et al. 2005) and comprises 3.4Mb. It was created by a duplicative transposition now dated at 6MYA and has undergone two deletions and a paracentric inversion. The X sequence includes 3 genes of which only one – Protocadherin11Y remains expressed from the Y chromosome. The Protocadherin11XY gene pair thus codes for X and Y versions of a cell-surface adhesion molecule. Its particular interest lies in relation to the hypothesis that sexual dimorphisms and sexual selection play a role in the differentiation of species.

References

  1. The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome., Ross, Mark T., Grafham Darren V., Coffey Alison J., Scherer Steven, McLay Kirsten, Muzny Donna, Platzer Matthias, Howell Gareth R., Burrows Christine, Bird Christine P., et al. , Nature, 2005 Mar 17, Volume 434, Issue 7031, p.325-37, (2005)