SPANXC (SPANX family, member C) | Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA)

Certainty Style Key

Certainty styling is being phased out topic by topic.

Hover over keys for definitions:

True Likely Speculative

What is MOCA?
MOCA FAQ...

Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes":

Likely Difference

Human Universality:

Individual Universal (All Individuals Everywhere)

MOCA Domain:

Genetics

MOCA Topic Authors:

Majesta O'Bleness

James Sikela

Sperm protein associated with the nucleus, X-linked, family member C (SPANX-C) is a protein of unknown function that is expressed in human testis, sperm, and multiple types of cancers. SPANX-C is a human lineage specific copy of the SPANX gene family and has undergone positive selection. The implications of these changes are not understood but could have impacted human reproduction.

Timing

Timing of appearance of the difference in the Hominin Lineage as a defined date or a lineage separation event. The point in time associated with lineage separation events may change in the future as the scientific community agrees upon better time estimates. Lineage separation events are defined in 2017 as:

the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and old world monkeys was 25,000 - 30,000 thousand (25 - 30 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees was 6,000 - 8,000 thousand (6 - 8 million) years ago
the emergence of the genus Homo was 2,000 thousand (2 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and neanderthals was 500 thousand years ago
the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 - 300 thousand years ago

Definite Appearance (Lineage Separation Event):

Last Common Ancestor of Humans and Chimpanzees

Topic	Certainty
SPANX Genes	True

Type of Human-Specific Changes
Accelerated Evolution, Copy Number Changes

References

The SPANX gene family of cancer/testis-specific antigens: rapid evolution and amplification in African great apes and hominids., Kouprina, Natalay, Mullokandov Michael, Rogozin Igor B., N Collins Keith, Solomon Greg, Otstot John, Risinger John I., Koonin Eugene V., J Barrett Carl, and Larionov Vladimir , Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2004 Mar 2, Volume 101, Issue 9, p.3077-82, (2004)
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