FSHR (Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) | Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA)

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True Likely Speculative

What is MOCA?
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Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes":

Likely Difference

Human Universality:

Individual Universal (All Individuals Everywhere)

MOCA Domain:

Genetics

MOCA Topic Authors:

Majesta O'Bleness

James Sikela

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a transmembrane receptor necessary for activation of FSH. It is located on the ovaries, testis, and uterus and is important for proper gonadal development and function. FSHR was shown to have undergone accelerated evolution and positive selection in the human lineage and is hypothesized to be associated with decreased human gestational length compared to other primates and preterm birth.

Timing

Timing of appearance of the difference in the Hominin Lineage as a defined date or a lineage separation event. The point in time associated with lineage separation events may change in the future as the scientific community agrees upon better time estimates. Lineage separation events are defined in 2017 as:

the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and old world monkeys was 25,000 - 30,000 thousand (25 - 30 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees was 6,000 - 8,000 thousand (6 - 8 million) years ago
the emergence of the genus Homo was 2,000 thousand (2 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and neanderthals was 500 thousand years ago
the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 - 300 thousand years ago

Definite Appearance (Lineage Separation Event):

Last Common Ancestor of Humans and Chimpanzees

Genetics Topic Attributes

Gene symbols follow the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee standard.

Type of Human-Specific Changes
Accelerated Evolution, Amino Acid Change

References

An evolutionary genomic approach to identify genes involved in human birth timing., Plunkett, J., Doniger S., Orabona G., Morgan T., Haataja R., Hallman Mikko, Puttonen H., Menon R., Kuczynski E., Norwitz E., et al. , PLoS Genet, 04/2011, Volume 7, Issue 4, p.e1001365, (2011)
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The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor: biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, and pathophysiology., Simoni, M, Gromoll J, and Nieschlag E , Endocr Rev, 12/1997, Volume 18, Issue 6, p.739-73, (1997)
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