Human preferences for sexually dimorphic faces may be evolutionarily novel.

Bibliographic Collection: 
APE
Publication Type: Journal Article
Authors: Scott, Isabel M; Clark, Andrew P; Josephson, Steven C; Boyette, Adam H; Cuthill, Innes C; Fried, Ruby L; Gibson, Mhairi A; Hewlett, Barry S; Jamieson, Mark; Jankowiak, William; Honey, P Lynne; Huang, Zejun; Liebert, Melissa A; Purzycki, Benjamin G; Shaver, John H; Snodgrass, J Josh; Sosis, Richard; Sugiyama, Lawrence S; Swami, Viren; Yu, Douglas W; Zhao, Yangke; Penton-Voak, Ian S
Year of Publication: 2014
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Volume: 111
Issue: 40
Pagination: 14388-93
Date Published: 2014 Oct 7
Publication Language: eng
ISSN: 1091-6490
Keywords: Adult, Beauty, Biological Evolution, Choice Behavior, Cross-cultural comparison, Face, Female, Humans, Least-Squares Analysis, Male, Masculinity, Personality, Regression Analysis, Visual perception
Abstract:

A large literature proposes that preferences for exaggerated sex typicality in human faces (masculinity/femininity) reflect a long evolutionary history of sexual and social selection. This proposal implies that dimorphism was important to judgments of attractiveness and personality in ancestral environments. It is difficult to evaluate, however, because most available data come from large-scale, industrialized, urban populations. Here, we report the results for 12 populations with very diverse levels of economic development. Surprisingly, preferences for exaggerated sex-specific traits are only found in the novel, highly developed environments. Similarly, perceptions that masculine males look aggressive increase strongly with development and, specifically, urbanization. These data challenge the hypothesis that facial dimorphism was an important ancestral signal of heritable mate value. One possibility is that highly developed environments provide novel opportunities to discern relationships between facial traits and behavior by exposing individuals to large numbers of unfamiliar faces, revealing patterns too subtle to detect with smaller samples.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409643111
Alternate Journal: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.