CHRM3 (Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3) | Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA)

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True Likely Speculative

What is MOCA?
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Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes":

Likely Difference

MOCA Domain:

Genetics

MOCA Topic Authors:

Majesta O'Bleness

James Sikela

Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3 (CHRM3) is a G protein coupled receptor that is involved in the control of smooth muscle contraction. In humans, a L1HS transposon insertion has created a novel transcript that is the only CHRM3 transcript to be expressed in placenta. The significance of this new transcript is as of yet is unknown.

Timing

Timing of appearance of the difference in the Hominin Lineage as a defined date or a lineage separation event. The point in time associated with lineage separation events may change in the future as the scientific community agrees upon better time estimates. Lineage separation events are defined in 2017 as:

the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and old world monkeys was 25,000 - 30,000 thousand (25 - 30 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees was 6,000 - 8,000 thousand (6 - 8 million) years ago
the emergence of the genus Homo was 2,000 thousand (2 million) years ago
the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and neanderthals was 500 thousand years ago
the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 - 300 thousand years ago

Definite Appearance:

6,000 thousand years ago

Topic	Certainty
Long Interspersed Elements (LINEs) Types and Distribution	True

Gene Symbol	Type of Human-Specific Changes
CHRM3	Alternate Splicing, Expression Pattern Change

References

Identification of human-specific transcript variants induced by DNA insertions in the human genome., Kim, Dong Seon, and Hahn Yoonsoo , Bioinformatics, 2011 Jan 1, Volume 27, Issue 1, p.14-21, (2011)
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Gain of new exons and promoters by lineage-specific transposable elements-integration and conservation event on CHRM3 gene., Huh, Jae-Won, Kim Young-Hyun, Lee Sang-Rae, Kim Hyoungwoo, Kim Dae-Soo, Kim Heui-Soo, Kang Han-Seok, and Chang Kyu-Tae , Mol Cells, 2009 Aug 31, Volume 28, Issue 2, p.111-7, (2009)
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