Features of the Y Chromosome
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Hover over keys for definitions:Chromosome Y is the male sex chromosome. Evidence indicates it is undergoing more rapid evolution than the rest of the genome. Human and apes both have a pericentric inversion in chromosome Y. These inversions arose independently and the human inversion is unique with respect to content and breakpoint location. Humans also have a unique C-band on chromosome Y that is not shared with apes, and chromosome Y has the most human lineage specific segmental duplications of any chromosome. Multiple genes have been altered during human chromosome Y evolution via processes such as deletion, duplication and gene conversion, one example being double homeobox (DUX) genes 2-4 that appear to have undergone neofunctionalization.
Pericentric inversion
Centromere expansion
Gene neofunctionalization
References
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The Divergence of Neandertal and Modern Human Y Chromosomes., , Am J Hum Genet, 2016 Apr 7, Volume 98, Issue 4, p.728-34, (2016)
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Chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes are remarkably divergent in structure and gene content, , Nature, 01/2010, Volume 463, Issue 7280, p.536 - 539, (2010)
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Complex evolution of a Y-chromosomal double homeobox 4 (DUX4)-related gene family in hominoids., , PLoS One, 2009, Volume 4, Issue 4, p.e5288, (2009)
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A genome-wide comparison of recent chimpanzee and human segmental duplications., , Nature, 09/2005, Volume 437, Issue 7055, p.88-93, (2005)
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Abundant gene conversion between arms of palindromes in human and ape Y chromosomes, , Nature, 06/2003, Volume 423, Issue 6942, p.873 - 876, (2003)
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Evolution of chromosome Y in primates., , Chromosoma, 1998 Sep, Volume 107, Issue 4, p.241-6, (1998)
