HYDIN (Hydrocephalus inducing homolog)

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What is MOCA?
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Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes": 
Likely Difference
MOCA Domain: 
Genetics
MOCA Topic Authors: 
Majesta O'Bleness
James Sikela

Hydrocephalus inducing homolog (HYDIN) is involved in cilia motility in the brain. Defects in the Hydin gene lead to impaired fluid flow in the brain resulting in hydrocephalus. The HYDIN gene has been duplicated in the human lineage from its original position at 16q22.2 to the 1q21.1 region. It has been hypothesized that HYDIN may have a role in human brain size.

Timing

Timing of appearance of the difference in the Hominin Lineage as a defined date or a lineage separation event. The point in time associated with lineage separation events may change in the future as the scientific community agrees upon better time estimates. Lineage separation events are defined in 2017 as:

  • the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and old world monkeys was 25,000 - 30,000 thousand (25 - 30 million) years ago
  • the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees was 6,000 - 8,000 thousand (6 - 8 million) years ago
  • the emergence of the genus Homo was 2,000 thousand (2 million) years ago
  • the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and neanderthals was 500 thousand years ago
  • the common ancestor of modern humans was 100 - 300 thousand years ago

Probable Appearance: 
2,000 thousand years ago
Definite Appearance: 
6,000 thousand years ago
Related MOCA Topics
Related Topics (hover over title for reason):
Topic Certainty
Brain Size Speculative
Genetics Topic Attributes
Gene symbols follow the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee standard.
Gene Symbol Type of Human-Specific Changes
HYDIN Copy Number Changes

References

  1. Diversity of human copy number variation and multicopy genes., Sudmant, Peter H., Kitzman Jacob O., Antonacci Francesca, Alkan Can, Malig Maika, Tsalenko Anya, Sampas Nick, Bruhn Laurakay, Shendure Jay, and Eichler Evan E. , Science, 10/2010, Volume 330, Issue 6004, p.641-6, (2010)
  2. Mutations in Hydin impair ciliary motility in mice, Lechtreck, Karl-Ferdinand, Delmotte P., Robinson M. L., Sanderson M. J., and Witman G. B. , The Journal of Cell Biology, 02/2008, Volume 180, Issue 3, p.633 - 643, (2008)
  3. Recurrent reciprocal 1q21.1 deletions and duplications associated with microcephaly or macrocephaly and developmental and behavioral abnormalities., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Berg Jonathan S., Scaglia Fernando, Belmont John, Bacino Carlos A., Sahoo Trilochan, Lalani Seema R., Graham Brett, Lee Brendan, Shinawi Marwan, et al. , Nat Genet, 12/2008, Volume 40, Issue 12, p.1466-71, (2008)
  4. A 360-kb interchromosomal duplication of the human HYDIN locus., Doggett, N. A., Xie G., Meincke L. J., Sutherland R. D., Mundt M. O., Berbari N. S., Davy B. E., Robinson M. L., Rudd M. K., Weber J. L., et al. , Genomics, 12/2006, Volume 88, Issue 6, p.762-71, (2006)

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